The distinct anatomy of the distal ITT should be respected in all procedures, since extensive operations in this area may cause pain and loss of range-of-motion due to alterations of proprioceptive function. These findings have clinical implications for surgical procedures on the lateral side of the knee. The relative number of FNEs in the distal ITT ranges from 5 to 10 per 50 mm2 and is comparable to the frequency found in the synovial sheath of the cruciate ligaments. These nerve terminals derive from myelinated Ag-fibres or from unmyelinated C-fibres. In the joint capsule, FNE are located below the synovial layer and within the fibrous layer near blood vessels. This finding correlates well with anatomical and biomechanical studies and stresses the importance of the deep ITT fibre system for lateral knee stability. nerve endings were found: free nerve endings (FNE), Ruf- fini corpuscles and Pacini corpuscles. However, it is the sensory nerve endings on. FNEs were found in all elements of the distal ITT, with their maximum density in the fixation sites of the distal ITT to the femur and the tibia. There are also sensory nerves encircling hair follicles that give information on when the hair is displaced. Free nerve endings are the most common nerve endings in the skin by. We present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of FNEs in the distal iliotibial tract (ITT), documenting their occurrence in this structure as well as their specific distribution pattern. A free nerve ending is an unencapsulated dendrite of a sensory neuron with a receptor. They form an important part of the proprioceptive sensory system of the knee. The first was a small, typically laminated structure with an inner core at the layer between the synovium and the fibrous layer and between the fibrous layer and muscle/ligament larger Vater-Pacinian corpuscles were noted only at the boundary between the fibrous layer and the muscle/ligament layer.Free nerve endings (FNE) are nociceptive sensory elements transmitting information on pain and inflammation from the connective tissues to the brain. Two types of Pacinian corpuscles were occasionally observed. These terminals contain abundant mitochondria, agranular vesicles, and irregularly arranged neurofilaments and neurotubules. They terminate on collagen fiber bundles as distinct swellings with spiny membrane projections that are covered by a thin basal lamina. Both types of Ruffini corpuscles are innervated by approximately one to four myelinated axons which lose their sheaths as they course through the corpuscle. The first type is characterized by a thin perineurial capsule, the second type by a thicker perineurial capsule, and extensive intracapsular space. Two types of Ruffini corpuscles have been found in the fibrous layer. The free nerve endings are present in all layers of the joint capsule excluding the synovium. Meissner’s corpuscles respond to touch and low-frequency vibration. Meissner’s corpuscles, Ruffini endings, Pacinian corpuscles, and Krause end bulbs are all encapsulated. Merkel’s disks, which are unencapsulated, respond to light touch. Three distinct sensory nerve endings have been identified: free nerve endings, Ruffini corpuscles, and Pacinian corpuscles. 1: Primary mechanoreceptors: Four of the primary mechanoreceptors in human skin are shown. Ultrastructural studies of sensory endings in monkey posterior medial knee joint capsule were undertaken.
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